Features of MBO

Based on the definitions of MBO its features can listed out as follows:

1. MBO is an approach and philosophy to management and not merely a technique. It is likely to affect every management practice in the organisation. It employs several techniques but it is not merely the sum total of all these techniques. Thus it is a particular way of thinking about management.
2. MBO provides the stimulus for the introductions of new techniques of management and enhances the relevance and utility of the existing ones.
3. MBO is the joint application of a number of principles and techniques, and works as integrating device.
4. The basic emphasis of MBO is an objectives, it tries to match objectives and resources.
5. This process clarifies the role very sharply in terms of what one is expected to achieve.
6. Periodic review of performance is an important feature of MBO.
7. Objectives in MBO provide guidelines for appropriate systems and procedures for instance resource allocation, delegation of authority etc., are determined on the basis of objectives.

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Concept of MBO

                   MBO is both a philosophy and approach of management. It is a process where by superiors and subordinates jointly identify the common objectives, set the resuts that should be achieved by the subordinate assess the contribution of each individual, and integrate individuals with the organisation so as to make best use of organisational resources.
                   `Koontz` defined MBO as---- 
                                    "MBO is a comprehensive managerial system that integrates many key managerial activities in a systematic manner consciously directed towards the effective and efficient achievement of organisational objectives". It emphasizes the importance and operation of MBO.
                   `S.K.Chakra borthy` opined--
                                   " MBO is a result - centered, non specialist operational managerial process for the effective utilization of material, physical and human resources of the organisation by integrating the individual with the organisation and oraganisation with the environment. 

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What is MBO?

Management By Objectives(MBO) has gained immense popularity during the past decades. "Peter.F.Drucker" has pioneered the concept of MBO. According to him, objectives are the ends and means of an enterprise, all the activities must be framed and directed to perform objectives and no deviations from the achievement of objectives is permitted. There should be a great concern and commitment towards objectives throughout the organisations at any level, then only organisations can survive. It means organisations are to be managed in such a way to achive the objectives. Hence this concept has gained immense popularity all over the world. In India also, in many organisations, MBO has become the way of management process.

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Management as a Profession

                   A profession is an "occupation backed by organized knowledge and training and to which entry is regulated by a representative body"
                   Thus, all professions are occupation in the sense that they provide means of livelihood.
                   However, all occupations are not professions because some of them lack certain features of a profession

Features of profession:

1. Organized body of knowledge, principles and techniques.
2. Formal training and education
3. Restriction on entrance
4. Existence of a representative body
5. Prevalence of a code of conduct
6. Sprit of service to the society

Application of the features to the Management:

1) Organized body of knowledge:

                  Management has its own body of systematized knowledge which contains the principles and techniques. These principles established cause and effect relationships and are capable of universal application.

A.P.M. Fleming has rightly remarked that management has a technique quite a part from the technology of the particular works concerned.
2) Formal training and Education:
                 Management is not merely theory. Here the person is prepared o take practical decision in business. To import management education and training, there are large number of formal institutes in various countries, including India. Several tools of management such as business, Psychology, Business law, Statistics, Data-processing, operations research and cost accounting etc. have been developed. The business house today prefer to employ those managerial personal who have obtained a professional degree in management from some recognised institutes.
3) Restriction on Entrance:
               Entrance into a profession is restricted by standards established by it. But management does not restrict the entry of people into managerial jobs with only a special academic degree. 
4) Existence of an organization: 
               Various management organizations have come into existence in India to guide the managers in: 

• To regulate the behaviors of members
• To create a code of conduct for guiding the activities of the profession.
• To promote and build up the image of management as a profession

              In India, All India Management Association and Indian Association for Management Development were established to train the managers.

              Function of Association is to manage and co-ordinate the research work in the various areas of management. It is, however, true that norms of managerial behaviour have not yet been established and we do not have uniform methods of entry.

5) Prevalence of a code of conduct:

             Every profession formulates its own ethical codes for the conduct of its members. But there is no uniform code of conduct for the practicing managers. In spite of it, managers are socially responsible. They have to protect the interest of the owners, workers, suppliers, consumers and the government.

6) Spirit of service to the society:

              Though professionals charge fee for the service rendered, they give priority to service over the desire for monetary reward.

              For Ex: a doctor earns his livelihood from his profession of medicine but service to society is upper most in his mind. As managers enjoy the respect of society, they should also fulfill their social obligation.

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