Concept of planning

 Planning is not only the first function of management, it is an integral part of it.                   To plan is to look ahead and chart out the future course of operations. It is the determinant of a course of action to acheive a desired result. It is one of he corner stones upon which successful enterprise depends. Planning is meant for the following, 1) For the analysis of a problem. 2) Thinking out the forward solutions to that problem. 3) Outlining the steps that must be taken...

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Meaning of planning

                                     Every human activity undertaken with a view to achieve something must be proceed by planning. For instance, a student desirous of securing a good grade in the examination has to plan his study. A person intending to set up a business cannot do so unless he has done a lot of previous thinking considering various aspects and taken many decisions if not all. He has to plan within the available resources,...

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Role and Responsibility of Lower level Management

                          Supervisory management (lower level management) consists of senior supervisor. Supervisor management is above the operatives but below the middle level management in the organisation. The executives at this level are in direct touch with the rank and file of workers and have to see that the work is properly carried out. The personnel employed at this level play an important role in the organisation. The effective implementation of the plans and polices,...

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Role and Responsibility of Middle Level Management

                     Middle management consists of departmental, divisional or sectional heads and other executive officers attached to the different departments. This level of management is responsible for implementing the polices and plans decided by the top management. Middle management comes between the top management and the supervisory management. According to Mary C.Niles, middle managers have pressures from the corners, viz., (a) from above by his chief in...

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Role and Responsibilities of Top Level Management

                                           Top management is at the head of the organisation. It consists of the Board of Directors and its Chairman, the Chief Executive (Ex., Managing Director or General Manager) and the Senior Executive (viz, Deputy General manager). In the operation of the enterprise, top management is the ultimate level of authority. Further, these top level managers are primarily involved in board organisational...

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