The word science literally means knowledge. It is a systematised body of knowledge acquired by mankind through observation and experimentation and which is capable of verification. The basic difference between Art and science is that Art implies knowing, how the application, where as science is concerned with knowing why?In the words of Keynes "Science is a systematised body of knowledge which establishes relationship between cause and effect".
The essential features of science:
Management is viewed as a science as it is an organised body of knowledge built up by management practitioners, thinkers and philosophers over a period of time. "Management science is a body of systematised knowledge accumulated and accepted with reference to the understanding of general truths concerning management".
The principles of management make use of scientific methods for observation. Frederick W. Taylor, the Father of science Management applied scientific techniques to studies of planning, organising, staffing, motivating etc.
2) Continued Observation:
As applied to management, the principles of management have been developed after continued effects of many theorists and practitioners over a period of years.
3) Universal Application:
In the field of management, this knowledge has been accumulated and accepted with reference to general truths. There are certain fundamental principles of management which can be universally approved. In the words of Taylor "The fundamental principles of management are applicable to all human activities from our simplest individual acts to the working of our great corporations".
4) Cause and effect Relationship:
Scientific principles establish cause and effect relationship between various factors. When applied to management the principles of management also establish cause and effect relationship.
e.g., Poor planning and plant layout cause low productivity.
5) Validity and predictability:
More knowledge or collection of facts is not science. It is only when the knowledge so gathered can be verified, it becomes science. The management also be verified for their validity. The principles of management also be verified for their validity. The principles of management have been put to several tests and found to be valid. For Ex: a subordinate put under one boss will show better results, than a subordinate who has to follow two or more bosses. Further, the principles of management by finding cause and effect relationship can serve basis for predicting further events.
The essential features of science:
- It is a systematised body of knowledge that uses scientific methods for observation.
- The principles are evolved on the basis of continued observation
- The principles are exact and have universal applicability without any limitation.
- The principles establish a cause and effect relationship between various factors.
- The validity of scientific principles can be verified and they provide a reliable basis for predicting future events.
Management is viewed as a science as it is an organised body of knowledge built up by management practitioners, thinkers and philosophers over a period of time. "Management science is a body of systematised knowledge accumulated and accepted with reference to the understanding of general truths concerning management".
The principles of management make use of scientific methods for observation. Frederick W. Taylor, the Father of science Management applied scientific techniques to studies of planning, organising, staffing, motivating etc.
2) Continued Observation:
As applied to management, the principles of management have been developed after continued effects of many theorists and practitioners over a period of years.
3) Universal Application:
In the field of management, this knowledge has been accumulated and accepted with reference to general truths. There are certain fundamental principles of management which can be universally approved. In the words of Taylor "The fundamental principles of management are applicable to all human activities from our simplest individual acts to the working of our great corporations".
4) Cause and effect Relationship:
Scientific principles establish cause and effect relationship between various factors. When applied to management the principles of management also establish cause and effect relationship.
e.g., Poor planning and plant layout cause low productivity.
5) Validity and predictability:
More knowledge or collection of facts is not science. It is only when the knowledge so gathered can be verified, it becomes science. The management also be verified for their validity. The principles of management also be verified for their validity. The principles of management have been put to several tests and found to be valid. For Ex: a subordinate put under one boss will show better results, than a subordinate who has to follow two or more bosses. Further, the principles of management by finding cause and effect relationship can serve basis for predicting further events.
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